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The Constitution at 219: Old plan still working

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Each state has its own constitution. State constitutions:

a. are usually identical to the federal Constitution.

b. must not contradict the federal Constitution, but may offer more protections and rights to their people than the U.S. Constitution provides.

c. may differ from the federal Constitution, but must be approved by Congress first.

(b). States are free to make their own constitutions. Many are modeled after the federal Constitution but vary widely in their length, language and provisions. Each state must comply with the federal Constitution when making its laws; if it does not, the federal Constitution will "trump" the state constitution in the protections it offers to citizens.

a. The Constitution only.

b. Federal laws only.

c. The Constitution, federal laws, and treaties.

(c). Article VI of the Constitution states, "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land...." This is known as the Supremacy Clause.

a. It is required by the Constitution.

b. It is a tradition.

c. It is required by federal law.

(b). The chief justice traditionally administers the oath of office to the president, but it is not required.

a. The president is required by the Constitution to write his own Oath of Office.

b. The exact wording of the Oath of Office is provided in the Constitution.

c. An Oath of Office is not required by the Constitution; it is merely tradition.

(b). The Constitution provides an Oath for the Office of President, in Article II Section 1: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." Other public officials are required to take oaths, but the exact wording is not mentioned in the Constitution itself.

a. The Constitution requires a Supreme Court, federal courts in various districts, and individual state courts.

b. The Constitution creates a Supreme Court and allows the Supreme Court to determine whether other courts are necessary, how many and where.

c. The Constitution requires only one federal court — the Supreme Court. All other federal courts may be created by Congress when appropriate.

(c). Article III, which establishes the judicial branch of our government, states in Section 1, that "The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." Other federal courts are creations of Congress, and state courts are established under state constitutions and laws.